1) WHAT IS QUALITY?
Ans) Quality is defined using specific measures
by few customers and few define by what they see. Quality is our main concern
from minor purchases to major purchases such as automobile .For example we go
to purchase a car our main priority would be its price, reliability, service
and the quality of the brand which we are buying. Many people have defined
quality in their own bases but the main concept of the quality is to satisfy
the customer or even exceed their needs. Quality is the major factor in
decision making for choosing a particular market place.
2) WHAT IS TQM?
Ans) Total quality management describes a
management approach to long term success through customer satisfaction .Total quality
management (TQM) main motto is to manage and improve everything that effects quality
like products , marketing , services and surrounding environment. Total quality
management is used to increase the quality by systematic analysis and
improvement of work process. This is achieved by various approaches such as
team work, unity of purpose, high performance as the main priority, customer
focus and so on.
3) How can we achieve
organizational excellence with quality?
Ans) It can be achieved by
intitating improvements from small businesses to multinational corporations,
which may have global or regional focus from major industrial settings to
variey of the services they offer. Never be satisfied with the quality you have
as it needs to be changing and imrproving as what is considered quality today
cannot be good quality compared to other companies. Like motivating and evaluating staff, examine financial situations
regularly, mangement of projects in proper ways are some of the important tasks
which are required to gain organizational excellence and maintain quality.
4) WHAT IS DEMING
CYCLE?
Ans)
The Deming cycle was created to interconnect the products development
based on consumers interest and focus on
the resources of departments to meet all the needs. From above figure this
shows that it can be achieved by taking feed backs from the customers and
planning the product accordingly (plan), to produce the product accordingly
(do), check the product after its produced (check), market the produced outcome
of the product (act), and finally check how the product is accepted in the
market according to cost, quality etc.
5) What are the most
common errors when starting quality intitatives?
Ans) The major error is not changing the quality of the product in regular
intervals and improving the services to keep the company in business and by not
giving more job opportunities. Decisions cant be taken just depending on
visible data without knowing properly the cause of error this may cause
increase in errors than rectifying it. Short-term profits should never be a
priority as in the process of gaining more profits in less time the decisions
we make are usually in pressurised circumstances such as shareholders or bank
loans. Every organization should have their own approach to achieve quality
depending on their individual needs. The way in which we deploy the idea also
plays a crutial role.
6) Explain the cost of
poor quality?
Ans) Many companies maintain quality in there business until the company
is in hard times. Then the companies eventually choose to elimitate service
staff, less funding for the research groups, and choosing low-bid suppliers.
This effects the company as they are not able to satisfy the customers and
reduces companys ability to expand its business. Instead the company can prefer
a better way by cutting down unnecessary errors such as errors in billing, late
deliveries, rework etc. This will also help in growth of the company and helps
the company to be in race with its competitors.
7)
What are the quality characteristics of world-class organizations?
Ans)
These are the organizations which compete in the global market and expanding
their business time to time to be the best in the world. These organizations
change relentlessly by making daring decisions to remain in the top position.
Few of the crucial areas where the organization works on to stay in business
are New innovations: By developing new and better products time to time
attracts more customers, service: good and quality services like product
reaching the customers on time without any damage or loss of product, research and development, studying
carefully what is needed for the company, good training for the workers is also
important as they should have knowledge about what they should be doing exactly.
8) Responsibility and total quality?
Ans) To take
responsibility on their own shoulders plays a very vital role as they work
harder to reach the goal. As the competition these days keeps on increasing the
responsibility should also be taken seriously from basic workers to managers,
as everyone has their own responsibilities to be completed on time. These days
the society has changed in such a manner that they blame it on others when they
are questioned about their failures. For example in a company if a manager does
a mistake in the project without guiding them properly they blame it on their
subordinates to be on a safe side, that’s not a leader’s quality. People should
take the responsibility for their own actions and failures.
9) Discuss some models for ethical
quality decisions?
Ans) Ethics
in this business is having some organizational values. Ethical decisions change
depending on the organization according to their situations. The model we
choose will also depend on what suites the particular organization, the model
should also be perfect so that the stakeholders don’t have a chance to criticize.
1) Professional ethical peer: In this
model it is considered ethical if can be explained to the board of professional
officials and get their approval.
2) Categorical imperative method: In
this model right is right, wrong is wrong and there are no other areas.
3) Proportionality ethic model: In this
model few ethics applied by the organization cannot be for the workers but is
good for the company so there no perfect or imperfect decisions. The best thing
that the organization can do is that there is more good decisions than bad.
4) Organizational ethic model: This
model which concentrates on the well fare of the organization. Its ethical to
make decisions which are good for the organization unless they have their own
guiding principles that ensure the ethical behavior.
10)
What
is the engineering manger’s role in quality ethics?
Ans) Managers
make the ethical decisions is what we learnt in this chapter now , but making
ethical decisions is easier than implementing the decisions made. It is the
manager’s responsibility to take care that there is ethical behavior in the
organization and take immediate action if there is any sign of unethical
behavior. The figure below shows the important ethical approaches .
Best-Ratio
Approach: This approach basically tells us people are usually good and maintain
ethical behavior but at times they are unethical. So the managers have to do
everything needed to maintain good atmosphere in the organization by taking
more good decisions than bad decisions and prefer ethical behavior more than
unethical behavior. When difficult decisions are to be made they should be in
favor for most of the people.
Black-and-White
Approach: In this approach what is right is right and wrong is wrong there are
no gray areas. In this model manager has to take the ethical decisions and work
them out. At the point when troublesome choices must be made, managers must
make reasonable and fair decisions paying attention to the fleeting
circumstances.
Full-Potential
Approach: This approach is to get the
best output of the company in an ethical manner. The decision taken by the
manager should not affect the rights which are viewed moral. There are
different models but which is best suited for the company is chosen by the manager
without affecting the ethical approach.
SOCIAL NETWORKING
Electronic
Spine Cures Paralysis
The article discusses
about the researches going on for curing the paralysis caused due to spine
injuries. Some scientists in Switzerland have developed a new electronic spinal
cord which is fit for repairing harmed and damaged spinal cord to cure
paralysis caused by it. Different methods have been tried like Neuroprosthetics to
cure paralysis but this caused friction with other tissues which lead to
inflammation and rejection from the host. EPFL’S new material called e-Dura
which can be implanted in humans with damaged spinal cords without any
rejection from the host as it is flexible in any direction. In my view their
still lots of experiments to do before that can be tried on humans but this
experiment was carried out on rats and they show improvement in just few weeks.
This was tried on humans but it had some drawbacks now they are developing a
new way using silicon material for better and more reliable outputs. The discussions
carried out in Moodle were mostly towards the risks caused like battery
leakage, stimulation failure etc. As I would see it they are scientists and
they will definitely take precautions before the product comes out for mass
production. But they shouldn’t make mistakes by taking it too fast without
making required tests and examinations, which will eventually take few years.
Mobile
Payments To Be Hot Topic at Mobile World Congress 2015
The Mobile
payment through NFC is going to change the way we pay bills. Apple pay was the
hot topic in the mobile industry and though apple won’t be there at the Mobile
World Congress 2015 but definitely the atmosphere there will be filled with NFC
payments using NXP’s PN66T module which helps in secure payments without any
fraud. Last year before apple, google already introduced Host Card Emulation (HCE)
but apple pay took it a step ahead by introducing the NFC method. Many carriers
have tried this already, from GSMA there are 256 services in 89 markets. But
the introduction of apple pay through NFC is definitely going to affect the
carriers business, as it is easy and safe with the PN66T module. Carriers
cannot stop the apple pay but they have been also getting some deals, so they
are now selling some phones in their contract without NFC even in the high end
models. Many banks are in race to join the apple pay as it is the future as far
as we know.
MEMS Group
Targets IoT
This article
talks about MEMS group targeting IoT, due to quickly growing enthusiasm for
sensors such as light sensors, weight sensors, accelerometer etc. These days small
devices such as mobile phones and any gadget with internet is equipped with
sensors. MEMS industry group has taken an initiative to encourage the idea of
sensor combinations. The colossal issue is to power the sensor’s, this can be
done by creating intelligent sensors with a good planning accordingly will be a
critical issue. Depending on the market the type of chip needed will change, small
industrial segment also has a scope in wearables. But the main issue is to deal
with the battery life, as wearables have limited functions but low power is
also an important priority. Similarly numerous existing sensor algorithms are
for mobile phones opposed to wearables creating more market for small
companies.
